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Take a walk on the surface of ‘Earth’s cousin’ — Kepler 452b
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Kepler 452b. All we have is a brief dimming of its parent star — a kind of eclipse.
From that we can infer the planets position and size. It is these factors which reveal the likelihood of the planet’s composition.
So any pictures painted of this alien world must still rely on speculation. And lots of it.
What astrophysicists do have are carefully calculated — and constantly updating — models of what to expect under differing circumstances.
The data collected by the Kepler Space Telescope tells us 452b is about 60 per cent bigger than Earth and is in a 385 day orbit around a yellow star some 20 per cent bigger than our own.
This is why 452b is believed to be a rocky world — made up of a similar mix of silicon, carbon and iron. But we don’t even know that for sure.
Source: NASA/Kepler Source: Supplied
“The most important thing is the detection of a planet of that size at that distance,”
says Professor Malcolm Walter, an astrobiologist at the University of New South Wales. “To me that is just a remarkable piece of technology we’ve been aiming at for many years. Now we’ve done it.”
What the models tell us (with a reasonable degree of probability) is that Kepler 452b is likely to have a dense atmosphere (because of its size) and is likely to have liquid water.
“We always predicted that there would be planets like this,” Professor Walter says. “But prediction is not the same as a discovery. And now we have a discovery!”
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So what is it like on the surface of Earth’s distant cousin?
“It’s a fascinating thing to think about, and I think it gives us an opportunity to take a pause and reflect on our own environment that we find ourselves in,” Professor Jon Jenkins of 
NASA’s Kepler Space Telescope project told a recent media conference.
But he’s in no hurry to get there.
“We’ve been lucky and fortunate to live in a habitable zone for the last several billion years, and we’d like that to continue on.”
Source: NASA/Kepler Source: Supplied
Are we there yet?
Getting there would be a problem. A big one.
It takes 1200 years for light to travel the vast gulf of space between our worlds.
Science believes it’s virtually impossible for us to travel anywhere near that fast anyway. The amount of energy needed to do so are … astronomical.
The best speed we can achieve at the moment is about 84,000km/h: That’s how fast the New Horizons probe which encountered Pluto earlier this month is travelling.
It took New Horizons nine years to get that far.
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So, if we round that figure up to a neat 100,000km/h — it would take about 10,000 years to travel just one light-year.
To cross 1400 light years will therefore take some 14 million years.
Yes: There are conjectural ways to bump that speed up to a potential 10 per cent of the speed of light. But such technology remains firmly in the realms of wishful thinking for now.
And only once we arrive will we find out whether the trip was worth it.
Source: ThinkStock Source: Supplied
Chances are Kepler 452b is another Venus, or perhaps even a small Neptune. Or, because we’ve not yet found any other planets orbiting its star, a meteorite-blasted barren rock.
While the search for planets has so far thrown up some 42 worlds in “goldilocks” orbits, neither to hot nor too cold for liquid water, it’s only found one star with a Jupiter-sized planet in a Jupiter-like orbit, 
capable of influencing (and protecting) the development of an inner solar system like our own.
Nevertheless, there remains a chance Kepler 452b is another pale blue dot, glowing with hope amid the enormity of space.
And, perhaps, pulsing with life.
“My mind goes to life immediately,” Professor Walter says. “It looks like we have a real candidate for a planet that could sustain life — even though we have no actual evidence as yet.”
Source: ThinkStock Source: ThinkStock
A small step for one person …
The instant you unstrap yourself from your shuttle’s chair, you’d know you were not on Earth.
You’d have gained weight. A lot of it.
Not enough to make life impossible. But enough to make adjusting to life on a new planet something of a struggle.
“It might be quite challenging at first,” says Professor Jenkins.
Kepler 452 has a diameter 60 per cent bigger than that of Earth’s. It’s mass is estimated to be about five times greater.
This all adds up to roughly double the gravity.
Anyone who has hefted a heavy backpack will have some idea of what this will feel like. Soldiers and hikers do this all the time.
It just takes a bit of getting used to — and exercise.
Our bodies would also likely adjust reasonably quickly, just as if you attended daily workouts at the gym.
Our bones would become denser. Our muscles thicker.
We’d be a lot hungrier given the constant extra energy expenditure: But it would also be a lot harder to accidentally put on a few layers of unwanted fat.
Within a few Kepler years, we’d hardly remember the difference.
Alien planet ... Artist impression of the surface of Kepler 452b. In the scenario depicted here, the planet is just entering a runaway greenhouse phase of its climate history. The increasing energy from its ageing sun could be evaporating any oceans, leaving behind large lakes ringed with mineral deposits. Source: SETI Institute/Danielle Futselaar Source: Supplied
Alien dawn
“It would feel a lot like home, from the standpoint of the sunshine that you would experience,” Professor Jenkins told media last week.
Apart from finding it harder to get out of bed, you’d barely even notice Kepler 452b’s sun was bigger in the heavens.
You’d have to look fairly carefully at it to see that: And that would burn out your retinas.
Just like on Earth.
You’d feel warm under the yellow sun. The sky has a good chance of being blue.
If there’s molecular oxygen in the atmosphere — which is produced by photosynthesis (read ‘life’).
“What we would really like to know is the composition of the atmosphere,” Professor Walter says. “Maybe it is possible to get some information on that spectroscopically — but given the enormous distances involved, that may be beyond the power of our instrumentation.”
Source: ThinkStock Source: ThinkStock
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Prime contenders ... Source: Planetary Habitability Laboratory/phl.upr.edu Source: Supplied
STORY BY
- Jamie Seidel
- News Corp Australia Network
http://www.news.com.au/technology/s...usin-kepler-452b/story-fnjwlcze-1227462632213